HTTP Errors in Web Hosting: What Do Error 403, 500, 502 & Co. Mean?

HTTP error codes provide clues as to why a website or service is not accessible. The following errors occur particularly frequently in web hosting.

403 – Forbidden

Meaning
Access to the requested resource is not allowed.

Common Causes

  • Incorrect file or folder permissions (e.g. 777 or 000)

  • Missing start file (index.php, index.html)

  • Access blocked by security rules (firewall / ModSecurity)

  • Access restrictions in the .htaccess

What You Can Do

  • Check the file permissions:

    • Folders: 755

    • Files: 644

  • Make sure a start file is present

  • Temporarily disable security plugins or protection mechanisms for testing

  • Check existing .htaccess rules

406 – Not Acceptable

Meaning
The request was rejected by the server due to security or content rules.

Common Causes

  • ModSecurity blocks certain parameters or forms

  • Suspicious characters in URLs or form fields

  • Misconfigured plugins or themes

What You Can Do

  • Remove special characters from URLs or forms

  • Temporarily disable plugins or web application firewalls for testing

  • Test the site without custom .htaccess rules

  • Contact support and provide the affected URL

429 – Too Many Requests

Meaning
Too many requests have been sent to the server in a short period of time.

Common Causes

  • Bots or crawlers accessing the website too frequently

  • Misconfigured plugins (e.g. cronjobs or API requests)

  • External services or scripts with high request frequency

What You Can Do

  • Check and limit cronjobs or API access

  • Enable caching (e.g. browser or server cache)

  • Block suspicious IP addresses

  • Reduce automatic background queries

500 – Internal Server Error

Meaning
The server cannot properly execute or interpret the application.
The exact cause is initially unknown.

Common Causes

  • PHP error or incompatible PHP version

  • Defective or faulty plugins/themes

  • Insufficient PHP memory limit

What You Can Do

  • First check the php_error.log
    (in the home directory under /log)

  • Temporarily set the PHP version to an older/stable version for testing

  • Temporarily rename the .htaccess file for testing

  • Gradually deactivate plugins

502 – Bad Gateway

Meaning
The web server receives an invalid response from a connected service
(e.g. PHP-FPM).

Common Causes

  • PHP process crashed or overloaded

  • Script execution times too long

  • Misconfiguration between web server and PHP

What You Can Do

  • Reload the page (often a temporary problem)

  • Reduce the complexity of plugins or scripts

  • Increase PHP limits if necessary (memory / execution time)

  • Check recently changed PHP settings

503 – Service Unavailable

Meaning
The server is currently unavailable. 

Common Causes

  • Server overload

  • Maintenance work

  • Too many simultaneous processes

  • Service restarts

What You Can Do

  • Wait a few minutes and reload the page

  • Check if updates or maintenance are in progress

  • Reduce simultaneous accesses (e.g. through caching)

  • Contact support if the error persists

504 – Gateway Timeout

Meaning
A connected service took too long to respond.

Common Causes

  • Very slow database queries

  • Unreachable external APIs

  • Long script execution times or large data processing

What You Can Do

  • Optimize plugins and database queries

  • Temporarily disable external services for testing

  • Reduce import or export processes

General Note

Many of these errors are configuration- or load-related and often occur after the following changes:

  • Updates

  • Plugin installations

  • PHP version changes

  • Traffic spikes

If an error is reproducible or persists for a longer period, support will be happy to help.
Please provide, if possible:

  • the affected URL

  • the time the error occurred

  • a brief description of the last changes